對於不少喜歡購物的朋友來說,說是日本的新年就會聯想到福袋與大減價。其實日本人的新年傳統,好比我們過的農曆新年,習俗細節非常多。日本文化裡的新年,稱為お正月,亦是一年裡最為重要的節慶之一。眾多的正月習俗,亦與日本人信奉的神道教有莫大關係,具有濃厚的宗教色彩。
隨處可見的新年裝飾:門松鏡餅注連繩
農曆新年,我們喜歡貼揮春、掛福字、擺放年花;日式新年,同樣裝飾多多。主要以竹製成的門松,具有恭迎新年之神 – 「年神」來臨的寓意;竹條筆直,象徵身體健康腰不彎,有長壽之意。一般以一對擺放,分左雄右雌。日本人會將其擺放於門前或玄關內,不少商場或酒店正門亦會擺放較為大座的一對門松。另一個常見的裝置 - 鏡餅,為迎神供品,兩層圓形年糕具福德交疊的好意頭,亦有陰陽、太陽月亮的象徵。日本相傳三種神器分別為鏡、劍及勾玉,而神明的靈魂會宿於神器之中,因此取名鏡餅,寓意得神明之靈,家庭得保祐。經過商店、民居門前,不難發現掛在門前的裝飾品 - 注連繩,有「為家設立結界、迎神入府」之意。
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXfGqmYdE-zhOaWMHPAoTWkuqeJpZ9JgUlNenXrxZzZumQ_domla-PvtMw3gWk6AO3c7eyJNxzNLjgCAeBTiHIi586LZvO5tE46LLuvCX14tgSEuKsm9nfN4c_u4guphM7O1ENiLT5dImf/s400/001-%25E6%2597%25A5%25E6%259C%25AC%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%258C%2596%25E8%25A3%25A1%25E7%259A%2584%25E6%2596%25B0%25E5%25B9%25B4%25EF%25BC%258C%25E7%25A8%25B1%25E7%2582%25BA%25E3%2581%258A%25E6%25AD%25A3%25E6%259C%2588%25EF%25BC%258C%25E4%25BA%25A6%25E6%2598%25AF%25E4%25B8%2580%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E8%25A3%25A1%25E6%259C%2580%25E7%2582%25BA%25E9%2587%258D%25E8%25A6%2581%25E7%259A%2584%25E7%25AF%2580%25E6%2585%25B6%25E4%25B9%258B%25E4%25B8%2580%25E3%2580%2582.jpg) |
日本文化裡的新年,稱為お正月,亦是一年裡最為重要的節慶之一。 |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-45iOT42_1gniRpC5cgZo-BM8CkOMWA3EIUjOISkmZMyxKjN7-PyFFfRovihMfcrG2fnHA1D2sNBw-OyVKvJjAvb7ksoFdo_kRI2VvsRdh59kmS3YrExT7i8BNzcMjUS-0Izv0mcKawa4/s400/002-%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E8%25A6%2581%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E7%25AB%25B9%25E8%25A3%25BD%25E6%2588%2590%25E7%259A%2584%25E6%2596%25B0%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E8%25A3%259D%25E7%25BD%25AE%25E9%2596%2580%25E6%259D%25BE%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%2585%25B7%25E6%259C%2589%25E6%2581%25AD%25E8%25BF%258E%25E6%2596%25B0%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E4%25B9%258B%25E7%25A5%259E+%25E2%2580%2593+%25E3%2580%258C%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E7%25A5%259E%25E3%2580%258D%25E4%25BE%2586%25E8%2587%25A8%25E7%259A%2584%25E5%25AF%2593%25E6%2584%258F.png) |
主要以竹製成的新年裝置門松,具有恭迎新年之神 – 「年神」來臨的寓意 |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnSA0-SbQZyRQlV57NLv-KhAhJonu9aAIWtU78BYghFZ3oDv1jASxy4Ua7uqOugynJtn1S25dLZG_ONgazBfmiafeiX1tTJQwFFI4pKSqxQDwcD5uTFpnUDur7idp_qoy_x5IzdJGfetVC/s400/003-%25E9%258F%25A1%25E9%25A4%2585%25EF%25BC%258C%25E7%2582%25BA%25E8%25BF%258E%25E7%25A5%259E%25E4%25BE%259B%25E5%2593%2581%25E3%2580%2582.jpg) |
鏡餅,為迎神供品。 |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlYBogTtFoBHpR6oBPSWYzASIxN7O3HAvqGzeVXMD4CceTr3lmfCRwMsSTR4MkgtLv8Q2G1A2LoKotHlJikZhJoQE6aGY3ANjzKcckgGYaCwN8LEcQWajVphAlfJwRM4hKWbgUXeXit2fx/s400/004-%25E7%25BD%25AE%25E6%2596%25BC%25E9%2596%2580%25E5%2589%258D%25E7%259A%2584%25E6%25B3%25A8%25E9%2580%25A3%25E7%25B9%25A9.jpg) |
置於門前的注連繩 |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtNGRGFdLacxtkijjRLKz_f9Z57ybJ73pW9cawL2iBLIewUC4dHalViwyipkqeWeyt-QHpYF3wtnoiNImo6vqdG6rcP2VlbTLY2tv1-NpnTihHdb1aN6L5ZKSjWZBzNBeH0G_tMYgoJOuF/s400/005-%25E6%25B3%25A8%25E9%2580%25A3%25E7%25B9%25A9%25E5%2585%25B7%25E6%259C%2589%25E3%2580%258C%25E7%2582%25BA%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E8%25A8%25AD%25E7%25AB%258B%25E7%25B5%2590%25E7%2595%258C%25E3%2580%2581%25E8%25BF%258E%25E7%25A5%259E%25E5%2585%25A5%25E5%25BA%259C%25E3%2580%258D%25E4%25B9%258B%25E6%2584%258F.jpg) |
注連繩具有「為家設立結界、迎神入府」之意 |
新年前要洗邋遢 賀年卡物輕情意重
與我們「年廿八洗邋遢」一樣,為了恭迎年神,日本人會於新年前進行大掃除,同時擺放好新年裝飾品,去舊迎新。這個時候,很多商店都會售賣各種款式的賀年卡,在新年前寫好祝賀說話,甚至把自己及家人的照片印在卡上,寄到身邊的朋友、家人府上。即使新年為公眾假期,郵差卻忙於將賀年卡趕及在1月1日當天送到市民手上。
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0yndyATU8h2gHhItbLt7GXPFv-PXlqQMweJezaEaDyY256-6FjZ3x33Q_g7rEBvZMnZ3ezta_C8kcne1GWYPsVs3by3aHhC_StBlrJzSfWCE1lmzacffGisX1GIsnsj9IBRtAOIwOaZ9Y/s400/006-%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E6%259C%25AB%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E6%258E%2583%25E9%2599%25A4.JPG) |
年末大掃除 |
新年前後的家庭活動 吃跨年蕎麥麵與御節料理
來到除夕晚,就是吃跨年蕎麥麵的時間。無論超市還是便利店,都會把蕎麥麵商品挪移至精選位置。細長的蕎麥麵,寓意壽命也如蕎麥麵一樣長又長。不少日本人會收看除夕夜播放的經典電視節目 -《紅白歌合戰》及《絕對不能笑》,亦有人會選擇到寺廟敲鐘倒數,迎接新年的到來。
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj8Ef_Hidn8HWldv57WfNllh19QVjA8r2RAhCl2cKpr4ty-0KH8feY5FK-FDXZhNYOFg8Lqu2n9YiA4Dfu1TTr7E-9mNgFqY2gJwIf9sw5NtttYeA2S75W4h81o1-993BxSXNzKdNv4Xyr/s400/007-%25E8%25B7%25A8%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E8%2595%258E%25E9%25BA%25A5%25E9%25BA%25B5.jpg) |
跨年蕎麥麵 |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiS1YUoIFF9FJvXOif6TnVug1dAQvjL24aLY-Jntsc_CcmCJtEB6YCYDR0Y6eDzcR_iXw3tTMlqK0btiu8hODhnFWA26Ti5RKTfudTK96J-obSbtyJhjBKIc9tN5Q53osmoUz34rwDHsRE/s400/008-%25E9%2599%25A4%25E5%25A4%2595%25E6%2599%259A%25E5%25AF%25BA%25E5%25BB%259F%25E6%2595%25B2%25E9%2590%2598%25E6%25B4%25BB%25E5%258B%2595.jpg) |
除夕晚寺廟敲鐘活動 |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvqCrixanHt24o6o94dPieodBn7tUuJBm07TnjGwdvYD0NVtvxw1avhs5Moi47Hegndg-SNKyfSZ6cnBTYl_QopF6EUsh5pcKTTU8mYl9WnvUrlNlBPi48eqnJ4C9QSM0SVwROCYNIlpkN/s400/009-%25E6%2597%25A5%25E6%259C%25AC%25E6%259C%2589%25E5%2590%2584%25E5%25BC%258F%25E5%2590%2584%25E6%25A8%25A3%25E7%259A%2584%25E6%2596%25B0%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E9%25A3%259F%25E5%2593%2581%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%2585%25B7%25E6%25A5%25B5%25E5%25A5%25BD%25E6%2584%258F%25E9%25A0%25AD%25E3%2580%2582.jpg) |
日本有各式各樣的新年食品,具極好意頭。 |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5ALzM2xthjAN9ya9ns3Z0d16Nc91K3K4e5SsovdaDThcbdxAMt4C5YabASKlm1u46IWtMIx7OQFeve3jC0C4dPyRmon4yFR1_orChkGATV3aXPGZTXLH6cLIxfATuhnCsat3RRsf1V_Vs/s400/010-%25E6%2597%25A5%25E5%25BC%258F%25E7%259A%2584%25E3%2580%258C%25E5%25BE%25A1%25E7%25AF%2580%25E6%2596%2599%25E7%2590%2586%25E3%2580%258D.jpg) |
日式的「御節料理」 |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRWQEN4TcpCOVpHW9BzPaLKzeS_W4L8ETHdat2PPtrqX6AwfkhQSQf2wt-HEObYdnClOgj5C2EgP_R8JOzCHVDGlsk6loZmDCrFS-4vIX28_9FLTUyggj1xsypvvaitteGubSAPqnAwxtE/s400/011-%25E3%2580%258C%25E5%25BE%25A1%25E7%25AF%2580%25E6%2596%2599%25E7%2590%2586%25E3%2580%258D%25E9%25A3%259F%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%258F%258A%25E8%25B5%25A4%25E9%25A3%25AF.jpg) |
「御節料理」食品及赤飯 |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhekQD44ZAi_6lWM30I26PyOY_f5XwTPe14UNUzEslGoYrDiiirImRpCO7gwLKIz61snYyilkSO7x0Fbt7KNOY5YRI6xrK-nijYgrUvbf6Cy0J8q3AD0tBgBn3JO7Ji80TgOzv5vnAQYgRg/s400/0122.jpg) |
象徵薪火相傳的蓮藕芋頭 |
踏入1月1日,相傳年神會於「初日之出」時份出現,因此有日本人會特意去看新一年第一個日出,藉以祈求平安健康。日本人亦會趁著新年假期與家人團聚,當中活動包括放風箏、打板羽球等,以高飛的風箏寓意好運、吉祥。日本有各式各樣的新年食品,例如帶長壽寓意的年糕與帶驅邪寓意的赤飯。雖然並沒有像我們吃的新春盆菜那樣豐盛,但日式的「御節料理」同樣具極好意頭。御節主要以紅白色為主題,因為紅白既為驅邪清淨亦為喜慶神聖的顏色。正方形的重箱內,放有包括代表財源廣進形狀如黃金的栗子茸、象徵兒孫滿堂的魚卵、象徵身體健康的黑豆、象徵長壽的蝦、象徵薪火相傳的蓮藕芋頭等,款式眾多。
日本新年習俗相當多,難以盡錄,不同地區會有文化差異,新年習俗亦因此而有所不同,有些地區的慶祝活動及新春儀式甚至舉行至一月中旬。於一月份到日旅遊,不妨留意一下周邊的新年色彩,融入喜氣洋洋的節日氣氛當中。
資料來源:《日本人のしきたり》飯倉晴武著
(出版社:青春出版社,2003版)
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